What effect does structural icing have on aircraft surfaces?

Structural icing has a significant detrimental effect on aircraft surfaces, primarily by distorting airflow around the wings and control surfaces. When ice accumulates on the aircraft, it alters the shape of these surfaces, which can disrupt the smooth flow of air that is essential for maintaining lift.

As a result of this disrupted airflow, the wings may experience a decrease in lift and an increase in drag, severely impacting the overall performance and handling of the aircraft. Pilots may find the aircraft becomes harder to control, which can lead to critical situations during flight. In addition, structural icing can affect other systems and components of the aircraft, compounding the risks associated with flying in conditions conducive to icing.

Understanding this effect is crucial for pilots and instructors as it underscores the importance of avoiding flight in icy conditions and implementing effective de-icing measures when necessary.